CHAPTER 8: Deviance and Social Control (Schaeffer)

What is deviance?

"WHEN IN ROME, DO AS ROMANS DO!"

WHO IS A DEVIANT? IN THIS CHAPTER WE  ARE LOOKING  AT THE  DIFFERENCE 
BETWEEN CONFORMITY, OBEDIENCE, DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL.

DEFINITIONS:

1. From chapter 3 in our study of culture, we saw that every culture 
subculture and grew has its own distinctive norms governing what it deems 
appropriate behavior.  Social control refers to the techniques and 
strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society.

        A) NORMATIVE SYSTEM
        B) LAW

     EXAMPLES INCLUDE SPEED LIMITS,  DRESS CODES,
     SEATING CHARTS, BOUNCERS

  2.  SANCTIONS: PENALTIES FOR REWARDS FOR CONDUCT
      CONFORMING TO OR STRAYING FROM A SOCIAL NORM

        EXAMPLES:
          A) ALCOHOL AT PARTIES (CAN
             BE "SANCTIONED," IE, ALLOWED
          B) OR IMPOSE SANCTIONS:
             1) NO PAY RAISE FOR SCREWY PROFS
             2) CHEATING INVOKES RESPONSE

  3.  CONFORMITY:  "GOING ALONG," "FOLLOWING," ETC:
      See: ASCH'S STUDY OF CARDS WITH LINES.

  4.  OBEDIENCE: COMPLIANCE WITH HIGHER AUTHORITY IN A
      HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE

     EXAMPLE: STANLEY MILGRAM.

 5.  INFORMAL/FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL: 

     A) INFORMAL---"NON-OFFICIAL" SANCTIONS
     B) FORMAL--FORMAL SANCTIONS--LAW, SCHOOL POLICIES

 6.  DEVIANCE: "BEHAVIOR  THAT VIOLATES THE  STANDARDS OR
     CONDUCT OR EXPECTATIONS OF A GROUP OR SOCIETY

       A) LATE FOR OR TALKING IN CLASS
       B) WEARING CUT-OFFS TO A WEDDING

  7. in formal and informal social control: FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL is 
carried out by authorized agents such as police officers physicians school 
administrators employers and military officers. 50 and serve as a last 
resort when socialization and informal sanctions cannot bring about 
desired behavior.  The ultimate form of social control in the United 
States is to put people in prison.  Today we have over 2,000,000 people in 
prison in jails, and nearly 6 million under some form of correctional 
supervision.

POINT FOR SOCIOLOGY IS HOW DO WE EXPLAIN IT?

  A) WHY DO WE NEED TO
  B) WHAT DO WE OBTAIN WHEN WE DO?

A.FUNCTIONALISM:

 A) ANOMIE
 B) BOUNDARY MAINTENANCE
 C) IS "FUNCTIONAL" OR "NORMAL"

B.CULTURAL TRANSMISSION THEORY:

 A) SUTHERLAND/CRIME-DELINQUENCY
 B) LEARNING THEORY
 C) DEPENDS (AS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES) ON
    1) FREQUENCY 2)DURATION 3) PROXIMITY 4) IMPORTANCE


C. LABELLING THEORY:

D. NEUTRALIZATION  THEORY (MATZA  & SYKES): "DEVIANTS
  (DELINQUENTS) DON'T HAVE DIFFERNT VALUES--JUST LIKE US
   BUT IT'S EXPRESSED DIFFERENTLY.

   STRATEGIES OF NEUTRALIZATION
       1) DENYING RESPONSIBILITY
       2) DENYING INJURY
       3) BLAMING THE VICTIM
       4) CONDEMNING THE AUTHORITIES
       5) APPEALING TO HIGHER LOYALTY

E. CONFLICT THEORY:  LAWS USED TO SUPPRESS ONE GROUP BY 
    OF ANOTHER---DOESN'TFOCUS ON "CAUSE"  OF CRIME SO MUCH AS ON
    GENESIS OF DEFINITIONS OF BEHAVIORAS A POWER CONFLICT
    AND COMPETING DEFINITIONS OF APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR.

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