Chapter 15 & 16: RELEASE/Making it

Ways out of prison:

1) PAROLE: (The conditional release of aninmate from incaraceation
under supervision after part of the prison sentence has been served).
Parole is a period of conditional supervised release following a prison term. 
Prisoners may be released to parole either by a parole board decision or 
by mandatory conditional release.

The adult parole population grew 2.8%, rising to a total of 753,141 by
December 31, 2002. Since 1995 the parole population has been the slowest
growing correctional population, increasing 1.5% annually, compared to
jails (4.0% annually), prisons (3.5%), and probation (3.1%).


    Parole rests on 3 concepts:
       a) Grace or privilege (prisoner can be kep t in prison,
          but state has the privilege of release)
       b) Contract of consent (gov't enters into an agreement
          with the prisoner in which prisoner promises to abide by
          conditions in exchange for release
       c) Custody: Even though release occurs, the prisoner is still
          in custody of the state

     NOTE: WHEN IS IT OK TO KEEP PRISONERS BEYOND THEIR RELEASE DATE? 
     (Kansas v. Hendricks - 1994 - sex offender)

It originated in the 1840s in the British system as a way of providing 
rewards for good behavior through good conduct, labor, and study.

Types of Parole Release:

1. Discretionary release: Conditional release at discretion of parole board

2. Mandatory release (like Illinois: no paroleboard)

3. ("Expiration") Unconditional Release (no restrictions)

(Repeat Illinois and C-numbers) 
    (mandatory good time; meritorious good time; supplemental
     meritorious good time)

The go back to the community.


                              Chapter 16: MAKING IT

Pre-release:  Jump Start (Ill) 

Post release:
  -- half-way houses
  -- community supervision

Problems:

  -- Revocation of parole
       -- new offenses
       -- technical violations (violating parole agreement)

Recidivism in Illinois (source: IDOC)
   Total:  39.1
      person: 37.0
      property: 44.7
      drug:  35.7
      sex: 29.7
      Other: 41

Does community Corections work? Criteria:
  a) be known
  b) Be "open for business" (ie, available around the clock)
  c) Be reachable
  d) Be trusted
  e) Be comprehensive (ie, have access to remedial services)
  f) Be voluntary

Barriers to success:
   a) civil liabilities (eg, right to vote, etc)
   b) Stigma
   c) no resruces
   d) Readjustment problems
   e) repairing ruptures (family, etc)
   f) economic

1. Discretionary release: Conditional release at discretion of parole board

2. Mandatory release (like Illinois: no paroleboard)

3. Unconditional Release (no restrictions)

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